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Showing posts from April, 2025

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Tamil Nadu’s Economic and Social Journey (1950–2025): A Comparative Analysis with Future Horizons

Executive Summary Tamil Nadu has transformed from an agrarian economy in 1950 to India’s second-largest state economy by 2023–24, with a GSDP of ₹31 lakh crore and a per capita income (₹3,15,220) 1.71 times the national average. Its diversified economy—spanning automotive, textiles, electronics, IT, and sustainable agriculture—is underpinned by a 48.4% urbanization rate, 80.3% literacy, and a 6.5% poverty rate. Compared to Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, AP, and India, Tamil Nadu excels in social indicators (HDI: 0.708) and diversification, trailing Maharashtra in GSDP scale and Karnataka in IT dominance. Dravidian social reforms, the Green Revolution, post-1991 liberalization, and the 2021 Industrial Policy were pivotal. State budgets show opportunities in infrastructure and renewables but face constraints from welfare spending (40%) and debt (25% GSDP). Projected GSDP growth of 8–9% through 2025 hinges on electronics, IT, and green energy, leveraging strengths like a skilled workfor...

Comparative Analysis of Global Sovereign Wealth Funds

  Comparative Analysis of Global Sovereign Wealth Funds Executive Summary This report analyzes seven major Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs)—Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA), Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), Government Pension Fund Global (Norway), GIC Private Limited (Singapore), China Investment Corporation (CIC), Public Investment Fund (PIF) of Saudi Arabia, and Temasek Holdings (Singapore)—using a framework focused on diversification, risk management, ethical investing, alignment with national economic goals, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement. The analysis is supplemented by detailed case studies for each SWF, addressing their investment strategies, governance, success factors, economic contributions, and ethical implications, alongside country-specific economic and regulatory contexts. Key findings include: Diversification : Norway’s fund leads in global diversification, while PIF focuses heavily on domestic investments. Risk Management : ADIA and GIC employ adv...

The Shifting Landscape of Indian Entertainment: Theatrical Footfalls, OTT Growth, and the Future of Small-Budget Films (2015–2024)

  Abstract India’s entertainment industry has transformed dramatically from 2015 to 2024. Movie hall footfalls declined from 1.2 billion to 924.9 million, driven by rising ticket prices, single-screen theater closures, and competition from Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms. OTT viewership surged from 280 million users in 2018 to 547.3 million in 2024, fueled by affordable data and regional content. The top 10 blockbusters now account for 42–46% of theatrical revenue, up from 35–40% in 2015, marginalizing small-budget films (under ₹15 crore), which increasingly find profitability on OTT with deals of ₹3–15 crore. This study analyzes these trends, evaluates OTT’s impact on theaters, compares revenue streams, and assesses small films’ strategic shift to OTT, projecting a 2030 outlook of coexistence driven by innovation and regional strategies. Insights from industry experts enrich the analysis, offering a nuanced view of this evolving landscape. 1. Introduction India’s entertainment indust...