Nuclear Horizons: Global Fusion and Fission Energy Landscape, Key Countries, Raw Material Dynamics, and Outlook to 2035
1. Executive Summary Nuclear energy, encompassing fission and fusion, is pivotal for global energy security and decarbonization. Fission , a mature technology, powers ~10% of global electricity through ~440 reactors, with China leading growth (58 reactors, 57 GW). Fusion , still experimental, promises near-limitless clean energy but faces technical hurdles, with projects like ITER and China’s CFETR targeting breakthroughs by 2035. This note analyzes the global nuclear landscape, profiling nine key countries: USA, China, France, India, Russia, South Korea, Ukraine, Canada, and Japan. It examines raw material supply chains (uranium, thorium, deuterium, tritium), their evolution, and geopolitical shifts. Over the next decade (2025–2035), fission capacity could reach 500–600 GW, driven by China’s 200 GW target, while fusion may achieve pre-commercial reactors (Q > 10). Challenges include uranium dependence, tritium scarcity, and high costs. The report underscores nuclear’s role ...