Transforming Surgery: A Comprehensive Analysis of AI and Robotics in Surgical Practice and Education (2015–2030)
Executive Summary Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have revolutionized surgery, enhancing precision, reducing invasiveness, and improving patient outcomes. From the da Vinci system’s dominance in 2015 to AI-driven analytics by 2025, these technologies influence 2-15% of global surgeries, with the U.S. leading, followed by Japan and Germany. In India, adoption is growing rapidly, with over 100 robotic systems and a market projected to reach $390 million by 2030, driven by urology, gynecology, and orthopedics. Robotics excels in minimally invasive procedures, while AI powers tumor detection and intraoperative guidance, particularly in oncology and neurosurgery. Evidence shows robotic surgeries yield fewer complications (e.g., 2% vs. 5% infection rates in prostatectomies) and faster recoveries, though risks like AI errors persist. In medical education, AI simulations enhance precision but raise concerns about over-reliance, mitigated by balanced curricula. ...