India’s Fifth-Generation Fighter Dilemma Spain’s 2025 cancellation of F-35 plans underscores a global shift in fighter jet procurement, with Europe prioritizing autonomy through Eurofighter and FCAS. The F-35 program thrives with ~3,957 aircraft ordered by 19 countries, ~1,069 delivered, costing ~$100M–$150M each. India, facing delays in its AMCA program, considers F-35s or Su-57s to counter China’s J-20 (~$60M–$80M) and Pakistan’s evolving air force. Su-57s (~$70M–$100M) offer a cheaper, faster option (deliveries by 2028–2030), but F-35s face U.S. restrictions and 2030–2032 timelines. Europe’s FCAS, targeting 2040–2050, leaves a gap filled by Rafale and Eurofighter. F-35 groundings, though manageable, highlight maintenance challenges. India’s choice hinges on cost, geopolitics, and self-reliance, with AMCA and Tejas Mk2 as long-term goals. This essay explores these dynamics to dissect India’s strategic calculus in the fifth-generation fighter race. The High-Stakes Game of ...