Colonial Legacies: The Rise of Indian Immigrants and African Marginalization in East Africa The economic success of Indian immigrants in East Africa, particularly Uganda, during the colonial and early post-independence periods (late 19th century to 1960s) contrasted sharply with the marginalization of native Africans, leading to tensions that culminated in the 1972 expulsion of Asians under Idi Amin. Indian success stemmed from colonial policies positioning them as economic intermediaries, cultural practices like community networks and education, and access to urban markets. Africans faced systemic barriers, including restricted land access, limited education, and confinement to agriculture, which delayed their economic mobility. The British racial hierarchy exacerbated tensions, placing Indians above Africans but below Europeans. The 1972 expulsion aimed to empower Africans but led to a 20% GDP drop due to mismanagement of redistributed businesses. This essay explores these ...